Source code for ax.modelbridge.dispatch_utils

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates.
#
# This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.

import logging
from math import ceil
from typing import Optional, Tuple, Type, cast

from ax.core.parameter import ChoiceParameter, ParameterType, RangeParameter
from ax.core.search_space import SearchSpace
from ax.modelbridge.generation_strategy import GenerationStep, GenerationStrategy
from ax.modelbridge.registry import Cont_X_trans, Models, Y_trans
from ax.modelbridge.transforms.base import Transform
from ax.modelbridge.transforms.winsorize import Winsorize
from ax.utils.common.logger import get_logger


logger: logging.Logger = get_logger(__name__)


DEFAULT_BAYESIAN_PARALLELISM = 3


def _make_sobol_step(
    num_trials: int = -1,
    min_trials_observed: Optional[int] = None,
    enforce_num_trials: bool = True,
    max_parallelism: Optional[int] = None,
    seed: Optional[int] = None,
) -> GenerationStep:
    """Shortcut for creating a Sobol generation step."""
    return GenerationStep(
        model=Models.SOBOL,
        num_trials=num_trials,
        # NOTE: ceil(-1 / 2) = 0, so this is safe to do when num trials is -1.
        min_trials_observed=min_trials_observed or ceil(num_trials / 2),
        enforce_num_trials=enforce_num_trials,
        max_parallelism=max_parallelism,
        model_kwargs={"deduplicate": True, "seed": seed},
    )


def _make_botorch_step(
    num_trials: int = -1,
    min_trials_observed: Optional[int] = None,
    enforce_num_trials: bool = True,
    max_parallelism: Optional[int] = None,
    winsorize: bool = False,
    winsorization_limits: Optional[Tuple[Optional[float], Optional[float]]] = None,
) -> GenerationStep:
    """Shortcut for creating a BayesOpt generation step."""
    if (winsorize and winsorization_limits is None) or (
        winsorization_limits is not None and not winsorize
    ):
        raise ValueError(  # pragma: no cover
            "To apply winsorization, specify `winsorize=True` and provide the "
            "winsorization limits."
        )
    model_kwargs = None
    if winsorize:
        assert winsorization_limits is not None
        model_kwargs = {
            "transforms": [cast(Type[Transform], Winsorize)] + Cont_X_trans + Y_trans,
            "transform_configs": {
                "Winsorize": {
                    "winsorization_lower": winsorization_limits[0],
                    "winsorization_upper": winsorization_limits[1],
                }
            },
        }
    return GenerationStep(
        model=Models.GPEI,
        num_trials=num_trials,
        # NOTE: ceil(-1 / 2) = 0, so this is safe to do when num trials is -1.
        min_trials_observed=min_trials_observed or ceil(num_trials / 2),
        enforce_num_trials=enforce_num_trials,
        max_parallelism=max_parallelism,
        model_kwargs=model_kwargs,
    )


def _should_use_gp(search_space: SearchSpace, num_trials: Optional[int] = None) -> bool:
    """We should use only Sobol and not GPEI if:
    1. there are less continuous parameters in the search space than the sum of
    options for the choice parameters,
    2. the number of total iterations in the optimization is known in advance and
    there are less distinct points in the search space than the known intended
    number of total iterations.
    """
    num_continuous_parameters, num_discrete_choices, num_possible_points = 0, 0, 1
    all_range_parameters_are_int = True
    for parameter in search_space.parameters.values():
        if isinstance(parameter, ChoiceParameter):
            num_discrete_choices += len(parameter.values)
            num_possible_points *= len(parameter.values)
        if isinstance(parameter, RangeParameter):
            num_continuous_parameters += 1
            if parameter.parameter_type != ParameterType.INT:
                all_range_parameters_are_int = False
            else:
                num_possible_points *= int(parameter.upper - parameter.lower)

    if (  # If number of trials is known and it enough to try all possible points,
        num_trials is not None  # we should use Sobol and not BO.
        and all_range_parameters_are_int
        and num_possible_points <= num_trials
    ):
        return False

    return num_continuous_parameters >= num_discrete_choices


[docs]def choose_generation_strategy( search_space: SearchSpace, use_batch_trials: bool = False, enforce_sequential_optimization: bool = True, random_seed: Optional[int] = None, winsorize_botorch_model: bool = False, winsorization_limits: Optional[Tuple[Optional[float], Optional[float]]] = None, no_bayesian_optimization: bool = False, num_trials: Optional[int] = None, num_initialization_trials: Optional[int] = None, no_max_parallelism: bool = False, max_parallelism_cap: Optional[int] = None, max_parallelism_override: Optional[int] = None, ) -> GenerationStrategy: """Select an appropriate generation strategy based on the properties of the search space and expected settings of the experiment, such as number of arms per trial, optimization algorithm settings, expected number of trials in the experiment, etc. Args: search_space: SearchSpace, based on the properties of which to select the generation strategy. use_batch_trials: Whether this generation strategy will be used to generate batched trials instead of 1-arm trials. enforce_sequential_optimization: Whether to enforce that 1) the generation strategy needs to be updated with `min_trials_observed` observations for a given generation step before proceeding to the next one and 2) maximum number of trials running at once (max_parallelism) if enforced for the BayesOpt step. NOTE: `max_parallelism_override` and `max_parallelism_cap` settings will still take their effect on max parallelism even if `enforce_sequential_optimization=False`, so if those settings are specified, max parallelism will be enforced. random_seed: Fixed random seed for the Sobol generator. winsorize_botorch_model: Whether to apply the winsorization transform prior to applying other transforms for fitting the BoTorch model. winsorization_limits: Bounds for winsorization, if winsorizing, expressed as percentile. Usually only the upper winsorization trim is used when minimizing, and only the lower when maximizing. no_bayesian_optimization: If True, Bayesian optimization generation strategy will not be suggested and quasi-random strategy will be used. num_trials: Total number of trials in the optimization, if known in advance. num_initialization_trials: Specific number of initialization trials, if wanted. Typically, initialization trials are generated quasi-randomly. max_parallelism_override: Integer, with which to override the default max parallelism setting for all steps in the generation strategy returned from this function. Each generation step has a `max_parallelism` value, which restricts how many trials can run simultaneously during a given generation step. By default, the parallelism setting is chosen as appropriate for the model in a given generation step. If `max_parallelism_override` is -1, no max parallelism will be enforced for any step of the generation strategy. Be aware that parallelism is limited to improve performance of Bayesian optimization, so only disable its limiting if necessary. max_parallelism_cap: Integer cap on parallelism in this generation strategy. If specified, `max_parallelism` setting in each generation step will be set to the minimum of the default setting for that step and the value of this cap. `max_parallelism_cap` is meant to just be a hard limit on parallelism (e.g. to avoid overloading machine(s) that evaluate the experiment trials). Specify only if not specifying `max_parallelism_override`. """ # If there are more discrete choices than continuous parameters, Sobol # will do better than GP+EI. if not no_bayesian_optimization and _should_use_gp( search_space=search_space, num_trials=num_trials ): if not enforce_sequential_optimization and ( max_parallelism_override or max_parallelism_cap ): logger.info( "If `enforce_sequential_optimization` is False, max parallelism is " "not enforced and other max parallelism settings will be ignored." ) if max_parallelism_override and max_parallelism_cap: raise ValueError( "If `max_parallelism_override` specified, cannot also apply " "`max_parallelism_cap`." ) # If number of initialization trials is not specified, estimate it. if num_initialization_trials is None: if use_batch_trials: # Batched trials. num_initialization_trials = 1 else: # 1-arm trials. num_initialization_trials = max(5, len(search_space.parameters)) # Determine max parallelism for the generation steps. if max_parallelism_override == -1: # `max_parallelism_override` of -1 means no max parallelism enforcement in # the generation strategy, which means `max_parallelism=None` in gen. steps. sobol_parallelism = bo_parallelism = None elif max_parallelism_override is not None: sobol_parallelism = bo_parallelism = max_parallelism_override elif max_parallelism_cap is not None: # Max parallelism override is None by now sobol_parallelism = max_parallelism_cap bo_parallelism = min(max_parallelism_cap, DEFAULT_BAYESIAN_PARALLELISM) elif not enforce_sequential_optimization: # If no max parallelism settings specified and not enforcing sequential # optimization, do not limit parallelism. sobol_parallelism = bo_parallelism = None else: # No additional max parallelism settings, use defaults sobol_parallelism = None # No restriction on Sobol phase bo_parallelism = DEFAULT_BAYESIAN_PARALLELISM gs = GenerationStrategy( steps=[ _make_sobol_step( num_trials=num_initialization_trials, enforce_num_trials=enforce_sequential_optimization, seed=random_seed, max_parallelism=sobol_parallelism, ), _make_botorch_step( winsorize=winsorize_botorch_model, winsorization_limits=winsorization_limits, max_parallelism=bo_parallelism, ), ] ) logger.info( f"Using Bayesian Optimization generation strategy: {gs}. Iterations after" f" {num_initialization_trials} will take longer to generate due to " " model-fitting." ) return gs logger.info("Using Sobol generation strategy.") return GenerationStrategy(steps=[_make_sobol_step(seed=random_seed)])